The Earth's atmosphere lives its own active life, in which various processes take place, including the formation of cyclones (about 150) and anticyclones (60), the existence of which scientists could not have known until the time when meteorological satellites appeared.

Meteorologists did not know about the origin of many cyclones, since they appeared where it was impossible to register them.

The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, in which a full cycle of vortex life occurs (appearance, development, disappearance). These natural phenomena differ in different strengths: from not very strong to the most ambitious ones, carrying enormous destructive power. The weather in different parts of the earth depends on these natural phenomena.

Cyclones originate in the area of ​​low atmospheric pressure of the Earth

A cyclone is an atmospheric vortex formed as a result of the rotation of the Earth, when air currents with different temperatures meet and begin to twist in a spiral. At the same time, air moves from the edges of the vortex, where the pressure is higher, to the center, where the pressure begins to decrease, after which its excess mass is thrown up from the center. Low atmospheric pressure reigns inside the cyclone. In size, they can reach 5,000 km in diameter and move from 30 to 60 km / h.

With the arrival of cyclones, the weather begins to change dramatically - it becomes windy and precipitation falls.

Antipodes to them are anticyclones originating in the high-pressure region

An anticyclone is also an atmospheric vortex, which is formed as a result of the rotation of the Earth, when air currents with different temperatures meet and begin to swirl in the form of a spiral, with the only difference that they are formed in the upper layers of the atmosphere, and the air from the center of the vortex goes down. In size, they can reach 4000 km in diameter and move from 20 to 40 km / h. High atmospheric pressure reigns inside the anticyclone.

With the arrival of anticyclones, the weather becomes clear and dry. Heat sets in in summer and frost in winter.

Cyclones from the Northern Hemisphere go counterclockwise and go to the right. They gather anticyclones carry out their movement clockwise with a departure to the left.

Cyclones and anticyclones from the Southern Hemisphere carry out their movement in reverse.

Despite the differences, these natural phenomena have a close relationship with each other and the general mechanism of development, which is based on the uneven heating of individual parts of the surface, as well as the revolutions of our planet around its axis. Due to the difference in pressure present in the center and at the edges of the cyclone, they are accompanied by cloudy weather with rain amid strong gusts of wind.

During the anticyclone, hot, slightly cloudy and calm weather with little precipitation is observed in the summer. In winter, the anticyclone is accompanied by cold clear frosty weather in Irkutsk or other northern cities of Russia.

Translated from Greek, cyclone means "snake ring". This atmospheric phenomenon received this name due to eddies reaching enormous sizes with a diameter of several thousand kilometers. The zone of their formation is the temperate and polar latitudes, where the collision of warm air masses from the Equator with cold dry streams coming from the Arctic (Antarctica) occurs. When they meet, a border is formed, which is called the atmospheric front by meteorologists. The collision of warm and cold air creates a vortex that rotates and moves at a speed that can vary between 30-50 kilometers.

The movement of the cyclone is accompanied by a sharp change in weather and precipitation. A cyclone can live for several days or several weeks. In areas of low pressure (Iceland, Aleutian Islands), his life can continue for about a year.

Types of cyclones

Depending on the place of origin, moderate and deadly cyclones are distinguished, carrying enormous destructive energy.

A cyclone that originated in tropical latitudes is more dangerous than its "brother", which is home to temperate latitudes.

Vortex names

Since the middle of the last century, natural phenomena (cyclones and anticyclones) began to receive names that greatly simplified the exchange of information between meteorologists, since each name is characterized by individual data that allows avoiding errors in forecasting. Initially, a large number of options were considered, including numbers, letters, names of birds, etc. But they turned out to be ineffective. Today, these phenomena of different strengths bear female and male names.

Making a weather forecast, which assumes the invasion of a cyclone or anticyclone with a certain name, meteorologists know what to expect from it, and how to correctly warn the population of a country, region, town about an impending danger, because, at times, a cyclone with a beautiful female name can have a huge destructive strength.